Data are measured, collected, reported, and analyzed, and used to create data visualizations such as graphs, tables or images. Data can range from abstract ideas to concrete measurements, even statistics. In general, data are atoms of decision making: they are the smallest units of factual information that can be used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation. Data are used in scientific research, businesses management (e.g., sales data, revenue, profits, stock price), finance, governance (e.g., crime rates, unemployment rates, literacy rates), and in virtually every other form of human organizational activity (e.g., censuses of the number of homeless people by non-profit organizations). However, in academic treatments of the subject data are simply units of information. In some popular publications, data are sometimes said to be transformed into information when they are viewed in context or in post-analysis. Īlthough the terms "data" and "information" are often used interchangeably, this term has distinct meanings. In a more technical sense, data are a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables about one or more persons or objects, while a datum (singular of data) is a single value of a single variable. Data ( US: / ˈ d æ t ə/ UK: / ˈ d eɪ t ə/) are individual facts, statistics, or items of information, often numeric.
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